Environment Impact Assessment-EIA

Content

➢Reserves & Production

➢Activities in the Petroleum Industry

➢Environmental Impact

• Atmospheric

• Aquatic

• Terrestrial

➢Exploration, Drilling, Production, Transportation

➢Waste Stream

➢Gasco(O&M) & EM

➢Summary

Reserves & Production

Global Reserves

NG

Oil

81,820 BOPD 108.2 TCFD

Activities in the Petroleum Industry

• Upstream

– Exploration

• Land & Aerial surveys, Satellite Images

• Gravitational, Magnetic & Seismic Surveys

• Exploration Drilling (“Wildcat”)

• Formation Evaluation

– Development

• Drilling Appraisal/production wells

• Production Facilities

• Gathering Systems

– Production

• Downstream

– Transportation

– Refining

– Marketing

Occurrence of Oil & Gas

• On land

• Offshore

• Continental Shelves

• Deep sea

• Deserts

• Wetlands

• Forests

• Mountainous areas

• Arctic Region

Technological & Environmental challenges change with location type

Environmental Impact

Atmospheric impacts

• flaring, venting and purging gases

• combustion processes such as diesel engines and gas turbines

• fugitive gases from loading operations and losses from process equipment

• airborne particulates from soil disturbance during construction and from vehicle traffic

• The principal emission gases include

– carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, volatile organic carbons and nitrogen oxides

Air emissions associated with oil and gas

Air emissions associated with oil and gas production can significantly impact air quality and impair visibility. Concerns regarding these impacts have expanded in recent years as oil and gas production has grown. Air emissions generated during oil and gas production, along with emissions from other sources, are regulated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) and can be grouped into three categories:

➢ Criteria air pollutants (ozone, CO, SO2, PM, and their precursors, including NOx and VOCs);

➢ Hazardous air pollutants21 (HAPs, primarily fugitive VOC emissions from oil and gas production);

➢ Haze precursors (which include ozone, NOx, SO2, and particulates); and

Environmental Impact (Contd.)

Aquatic impacts

• produced water

• drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment chemicals

• process, wash and drainage water

• sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes

• spills and leakage

Potential impact on aquatic life, irrigation, drinking water, etc

Environmental Impact (Contd.)

Terrestrial impacts

• physical disturbance as a result of construction

• contamination resulting from spillage and leakage

• solid waste disposal

• indirect impact arising from opening access and social change

Potential impact on forests, vegetation, agriculture, human and animal life

Exploration

• Noise/Vibration

– Dynamite

– Vibration Truck

– Air Gun

– Marine Vessels

• Disturbance to human/wildlife/marine life

• Low Impact/Transient

Drilling (wildcats, appraisal, development)

Production

• Produced water

– Salinity

– Chemicals

– Oil content

• Treatment

• Re-injection

• Camp waste

• Leakage/spillage

• Flare

• Noise/vibration

• Engine exhaust

Transportation

   spill from tankers, etc.

Waste Steam of Concern

• Drilling Fluid

• Drill Cuttings

• Workover and completion waste

• Produced Water

• Bottom Waste

• Dehydration and Sweetening Waste

• Camp Waste

• Radioactive Material

3R Principle for waste management:

Reduce, Re-use, Recycle

Potential Emergencies

 Oil rig on fire Oil spill from a tanker

•Spillage of fuel, oil, gas, chemicals and hazardous materials

•Oil or gas well blowout

•Explosions and Fires (facility and surrounds)

•Natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, lightning

•War and sabotage

Potential Emergencies (Spill)

• The spill may include crude oil, or refined products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, etc.

• Spills take months or even years to clean up.

• Oil is also released into the environment from natural geologic seeps on the sea floor

• Cleanup methods:

– Bioremediation: use of microorganisms to break down or remove oil

– Controlled burning: can reduce the amount of oil in water, but it can cause air pollution.

– Dispersants: act as detergents, clustering around oil globules and allowing them to be carried away in the water.

– Dredging: for oils dispersed with detergents

– Skimming: Requires calm waters

• Exxon Valdez accident, occurred in Alaska, on March 24, 1989. The vessel spilled about 40 million liters of crude oil into the sea, and the oil eventually covered 28,000,000 sq. km of ocean.

Potential Emergencies (Contd.)

• Explosion and Fire: The Piper Alpha oil production platform operated by Occidental Petroleum in the North Sea. An explosion and resulting fire destroyed it on July 6, 1988, killing 167 persons. Total insured loss was about US$ 3.4 billion.

• Indonesia Mud Volcano: It is in East Java, Indonesia that has been discharging mud since May 2006. Approximately 2,500 m³ of mud is expelled per day. It is expected that the flow will continue for the next 30 years. As of November 2008, the mud flow is contained by levees, but further breakouts are possible. It is not conclusively decided whether it started due to drilling activity or by a local earthquake

Gasco (O&M) and Environmental management

Air Emission

• In gas sector major contribution in the atmospheric pollution is the plant and compressor side

• Compressor under the operation of Gasco O&M are the certified by the Third party, There emission test is

as per National Environmental Quality

Standard(NEQS)

Industrial Gaseous Emission Test 

Waste handling

• Waste management and minimization is on the priority.

• Responsible discharge management may be accomplished through hierarchical application of the practices of source reduction, reuse, recycling and responsible disposal

Classification of Wastes according to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment

• Hazardous wastes

• Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

• Non-hazardous

• Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

Gasco Practices

• waste reduction

• segregation at source

• recycling and re-use

• more efficient collection

• more environmentally sound disposal

Disposal of waste

• Food waste is disposed off on daily basis in municipal waste at Camp-II

• Color coded Waste drums are placed at the each site

• Industrial waste is segregated at the source on each location and collected efficiently, and disposed off at OMV yard

• Waste collection record is maintained

Waste record

Summary

• Global & Local energy scenario will be dominated by oil and gas.

• The quest for oil and gas will therefore continue, which has a price in terms of environmental impact.

• The petroleum industry takes many steps to keep the impacts to limits which are often set by regulatory bodies.

• New technology and procedures are developed to meet environmental regulations and operate economically.

Think Safety & Be Safe

Thanks